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Learning Centre

Sitemapping Best Practices

An effective sitemap is integral to the success of your website. Users should have the freedom to navigate, perform actions and recover from mistakes without being penalized by cumbersome infrastructure and content.

Tips for naming pages

Here are some best practices that you can follow when naming the pages in your sitemap:

  • Focus on the services and deliverables that a visitor is looking for instead of internal responsibilities (e.g., "Dog Licences" is a stronger name than "Dog Licensing")
  • Use simple titles and category names that are familiar to visitors and provide context (e.g., "Trash and Recycling" is much stronger than "Waste Management")
  • Page names should stand on their own, which improves recognition, searchability and Search Engine Optimization (e.g., "Register for a Recreation Program" is much stronger than "Registration")
  • Avoid using overly branded terms and internal jargon when naming pages

Try to think about what the public is searching for and what terms they are using. This can help guide you when naming pages on your website.

Services vs. audience vs. internal navigation

When you are selecting the main menu options for your new website, we recommend following a service-based approach. Most users who are visiting your website are looking for specific information about accessing one of the programs or services offered by your organization. Navigation that is focused on the audience or internal structure can break down quickly and cause serious navigation issues for many users.

Here are some examples of menus that take a service-based approach.

Municipal site:

  • Living Here
  • Parks, Recreation and Culture
  • Business and Development
  • Town Hall

These navigation options align with top user tasks and make it easy for users to find information. For example, if someone is looking to pay their property taxes, they will likely look under the Living Here menu and someone who is looking for a business licence, will look under the Business and Development menu. 

Users don't have to spend time thinking about where to look as their task fits within the main menu options.

If you created a menu that took an audience-based approach, you might have the following main menu options on a municipal website:

  • Residents
  • Visitors
  • Business
  • Government

The issue with this style of menu is that it leads to a lot of duplication and some users struggle to decide which audience they fit. For example, where would someone look to find information about parking? This information could be relevant to multiple audiences as residents, visitors and business owners will all want to know about parking information.

Through a lot of testing, we've found that audience-based navigation is less effective than service-based navigation.

Here is an example of a sitemap that takes a departmental approach:

  • Departments
  • Government
  • About Us

The issue with designing your website navigation around your organizational structure, is that it assumes that the public has a familiarity with the internal structure of your organization. A user would need to know exactly what department is responsible for each service in order to be able to find the information they are looking for. 

This is further complicated by the fact that each municipality is different. In some communities the Public Works department will handle facility rentals and in other municipalities, this is handled by the Parks and Recreation department. 

General sitemapping tips

Here are a few other general tips to keep in mind when building your sitemap navigation:

  • Menus should always follow alphabetical order (this promotes quick scanability)
  • Each menu should have a maximum of 20 parent pages (learn more about menu levels)
  • Avoid linking to PDF documents within your website menu
  • Use external links sparingly in your website menu (e.g., linking to an external website directly from a menu option)

Instead of linking to external websites from your menu, you can create a page that introduces the topic and then links off to an external site. Users can find it jarring to be moved out of website when they select a menu link.